3 accounting questions, to be done ASAPtotal answer should not be longer than 2 pages Q1.Describe what is meant by the naive investor hypothesis and the no-effects hypothesisin relation to firms accounting policy changes. Q2.Firms often borrow funds from lenders (i.e., debtholders) to finance their investmentsand activities. However, this can create incentives for firms to take actions that areopportunistic, such as claim dilution and asset substitution.REQUIRED:(a) What is meant by claim dilution and asset substitution(b) Who ultimately bears the (agency) costs if the firm engages in these opportunisticactions and why(c) In relation to accounting, how can the interests of the firm and debtholders bealigned Q3.Explain why managers would have an incentive to choose income decreasingaccounting methods when there are (complex) bonus plan arrangements that paybonuses if reported earnings are between lower and upper bounds