3.1

appropriate findings

i)                    put together and referenced and

ii)                   what       improvements                 in learning,                 researching, calculating                 techniques           and strategies  would be tried in future.

convergent/lateral/creative thinking

AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES 

•         The assignment has 4 Tasks.   Please read ALL TASKS carefully.

•         The Interim Presentation will be for TASKS 1 AND 2 and will cover LO1 and LO2 of the module.

•         The Final submission will cover ALL TASKS and Learning outcomes of the assignment.

•         The Merit and Distinction criteria will also apply to the Interim Submission.

•         The Interim grade will contribute to the overall grade.

•         The attendance percentage and participation in class tutorials will contribute towards the achievement of Distinction grade.

•         Both the interim and final assignments must be submitted on time to be considered for a Distinction grade.

•         PLAGIARISM is considered a serious offence and will automatically lead to a FAIL grade. In the event of similar/identical submissions, please note that both students will automatically fail the module

•         When IPADS/TABLETS/MACS are used please make sure documents are saved as .doc.  Otherwise submission will not be valid and considered as a non-submission.

ii)     An unvented water system is being retro fitted into a building and some concern is expressed that not all the taps and joins in the plumbing system are capable of withstanding3 bar pressure.  It was felt that all these taps and joints could withstand a pressure of 1 bar.    What kind of measuring equipment would be used to check the mains pressure and in what area of the building would the pressure be taken?

(ii)           the total force acting on the dam.

(iii)          If the wall of the dam is 60m above the base and the maximum force that is considered safe for the dam to withstand is 30MN, at what height must the spillway that sets the maximum depth be situated?

ii)       A 15mm diameter pipe of length 10m is delivering water to a tap.   When the tap is fully open

the delivery is 0.01m³s^-1  assuming that the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.02 x 10^-3 Nsm^-2 at 20⁰C  calculate the Reynolds number and state whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.

iii)      Analyse the relative advantages  of a sharp crested weir and a broad crested weir for

v)      .A broad crested weir is inserted in a channel to measure the flow rate and warn of potential flooding downstream.    Calculate the height of water above the weir when the flow rate is 10m³s^-1.  The width of the weir is 2m   Assume no energy loss through the weir.

vi ) Prepare a graph showing how the height y_c would vary between flows of 10 and 20m³s^-1 vii) What are the Froude Numbers for the flow at 5 , 10 and 15m³s^-1 ?

ii)     When water flows in an open channel at what point does the flow change from quite  to “turbulent”.

iii)    Compare the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a full pipe with placid changing to turbulent in an open channel flow situation.

iv)    Calculate the critical depth in a channel of width 0.5m with a flow of 1m³s^-1 vi)   Define uniform flow and non – uniform flow vii) Define steady and unsteady flow.

ii)     State the continuity principle for open conduit flow and show how we can use this to estimate

and then gradually increases over a distance of 480mm to the original diameter.  A water filled manometer is connected such that the pressure in the pipe is measured some 200mm before the narrowing of the pipe starts and the other end of the manometer is connected to the pipe at its narrowest point. Use Bernouli’s equation to derive an expression for the average flow velocity in the pipe and hence the volume flow in the pipe.  You may assume that the energy loss through this venturi is negligible .

iv)    If the pressure difference at this point is 0.34m, calculate the velocity of the flow in the pipe and hence the flow rate in m³s^-1

v)     A further measurement is made of the pressure difference before the venturi and beyond the other end of the venturi.   What would this show about the difference between the assumptions behind the original Bernoulli equation and the real world.

vi)    State  briefly what we found from an experiment examining the force exerted by a jet of water on different shapes of target.

ii)      What can be done to the junction between the two pipe diameters to reduce this loss

iii)     Water flows in a pipeline where there is an abrupt change of diameter from 140 to 250mm.   If the head loss from the smaller to the larger diameter pipe is 0.6m, give an estimate of k if the delivery is 0.15m³s^-1

iv)     What would be the head loss were the water to flow through a similar junction from a pipe of 250mm diameter to one of 140mm diameter at the same flow rate assuming that the value of k is unchanged?

ii)      Calculate the maximum delivery iii) Explain the terms “super critical flow” and “sub- critical flow” iv) Explain what a hydraulic jump is and what it is used for.

v) The depth of water approaching a normal hydraulic jump is 1.2m and at the end of the jump has risen to 3.2m.   Calculate the energy loss through the jump in meters of head.

a)            using a gauging structure such as a sharp crested weir and

b)            a method which combines a measurement of the average flow velocity and the area of cross section of the flow channel

Fresh water is pumped to a service reservoir through a 350mm diameter pipe 10km long.   The static head is 20m.  Determine the discharge in the through the pipe and the power requirement of the pump.   (This will need you to plot the pump – characteristic, system characteristic and efficiency curves against flow rate (Q).  You must also find the operating point>  Assume the friction factor f = 0.0045 and take minor losses at ten times the velocity head.

ii)     In the above problem, if the static head were 40m not 20m, and you had a second identical pump available, explain how would you have arranged these pumps to overcome this much greater head?

ii)         Outline the application of the three main types of turbine (radial, axial and reaction)

•         You must hand in group work for assessment for all tasks.  

•         Throughout the assignment you should underpin your responses with appropriate theories.

•         Ensure that all required Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria are covered in

•         Introduction

•         Contents page (with a detailed numbering system)

•         Tasks (use headings, sub-headings)

•         Findings/Discussion

•         Recommendations

•         Conclusion/Summary (summarizing the whole scenario justifying methods used)

•         References

•         Bibliography