Discussion Capella Week 3

Required
The materials listed below are required to complete the learning activities and projects in this course. Unless noted otherwise, the books, software, and coursepacks are available for purchase from the Capella University Virtual Bookstore. To purchase these texts, visit the bookstore and select your school and course ID.
Books
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth. ISBN: 9781111834531.
Articles
Library
The following required readings are provided for you in the Capella University Library or linked directly in this course. To find library resources, use the Journal and Book Locator tool found on the library home page.
Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanisms in psychology today. American Psychologist, 55(6), 637–646.
Cramer, P. (2002). Defense mechanisms, behavior, and affect in young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 70(1), 103–126.
Gregorowski, C., Seedat, S., & Jordaan, G. P. (2013). A clinical approach to the assessment and management of co-morbid eating disorders and substance use disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 289.
Heard, E., Whitfield, K. E., Edwards, C. L., Bruce, M. A., & Beech, B. M. (2011). Mediating effects of social support on the relationship among perceived stress, depression, and hypertension In African Americans. Journal of the National Medical Association, 103(2), 116–122.
Huajian, C., Brown, J. D., Deng, C., & Oakes, M. A. (2007). Self-esteem and culture: Differences in cognitive self-evaluations or affective self-regard? Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 10(3), 162–170.
Kirschenbaum, H., & Jourdan, A. (2005). The current status of Carl Rogers and the person-centered approach. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(1), 37–51.
Lazarus, A. A., & Beutler, L. E. (1993). On technical eclectism. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71(4), 381–385.
Meyer, C., Blissett, J., Alberry, R., & Sykes, A. (2013). Beliefs about exercise: Relationship to eating psychopathology and core beliefs among young female exercisers. Eating Behaviors, 14(1), 79–82.
Peterson, C., Park, N., Pole, N., D’Andrea, W., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2008). Strengths of character and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 214–217.
Presnell, K., Pells, J., Stout, A., & Musante, G. (2008). Sex differences in the relation of weight loss self-efficacy, binge eating, and depressive symptoms to weight loss success in a residential obesity treatment program. Eating Behaviors, 9(2), 170–180.
Resnick, H. E. (2012). Lifestyle modification slows functional decline in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 61(9), 2395.
Vinkers, C. D. W., Evers, C., Adriaanse, M. A., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2012). Body esteem and eating disorder symptomatology: The mediating role of appearance-motivated exercise in a non-clinical adult female sample. Eating Behaviors, 13(3), 214–218.
Audiovisual Media
You are required to watch one of the following films to complete your course project:
Benmussa, R., Sarde, A. (Producers), & Polanski, R. (Producer, Director). (2002). The Pianist [Motion picture]. France, Poland, Germany, United Kingdom: Studio Canal+.
Bourne, T. M. (Producer), & Hancock, J. L. (Director). (2009). The Blind Side [Motion picture]. United States: Alcon Entertainment.
Burke, J., Taylor, J. (Producers), & Payne, A. (Producer, Director). (2011). The Descendants [Motion picture]. United States: Ad Hominem Enterprises.
Cohen, B., Gigliotti, D. (Producers), & Russell, D. O. (Director). (2012). Silver Linings Playbook [Motion picture]. United States: The Weinstein Company.
Smith, W., Black, T., Blumenthal, J., Lassiter, J., Tisch, S. (Producers), & Muccino, G. (Director). (2006). The Pursuit of Happyness [Motion picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures.
Podcasts
Hannon, W. (Speaker). (2006). The person-centered approach in counseling [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.counseloraudiosource.net/feeds/cas048.mp3 ( Transcript.)
Optional
The following optional materials are offered to provide you with a better understanding of the topics in this course. These materials are not required to complete the course.
Optional Books
Use the Journal and Book Locator tool to see if the library has access to the book or the How Do I Find Books? library guide for additional options.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. New York: Prentice Hall.
Farmer, R. F., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2005). The history of behavior therapy. In R. F. Farmer & R. O. Nelson-Gray (Eds.), Personality-guided behavior therapy (pp. 33–49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Optional Articles
Use Journal and Book Locator to see if the library has access to the full text of an article. If the full text is not available, try using Interlibrary Loan to obtain a copy.
Library
Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1), 49–74.
Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333–341.
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Francis, E. L. (1999). Do negative cognitive styles confer vulnerability to depression? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(4), 128–132.
Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2004). Lifespan psychology: From developmental contextualism to developmental biocultural co-constructivism. Research in Human Development, 1(3), 123–144.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147.
Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 2–27.
Beck, A. T. (1993). Cognitive therapy: Past, present, and future. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(2), 194–198.
Buss, A. H. (1989). Personality as traits. American Psychologist, 44(11), 1378–1388.
Buss, D. M. (Ed.) (1990). Special issue: Biological foundations of personality: Evolution, behavioral genetics, and psychophysiology. Journal of Personality, 58(1).
Cantor, N. (1990). From thought to behavior: ‘Having’ and ‘doing’ in the study of personality and cognition. American Psychologist, 45(6), 735–750.
Carey, G., & DiLalla, D. L. (1994). Personality and psychopathology: Genetic perspectives. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(1), 32–43.
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Personality, 56, 453–484.
Clark, M., Hampson, S. E., Avery, L., & Simpson, R. (2004). Effects of a tailored lifestyle self-management intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. British Journal of Health Psychology, 9(3), 365–379.
Collins, W. A., MacCoby, E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bronstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist, 55(2), 218–232.
Contrada, R. J., Czarnecki, E. M., & Pan, R. L. (1997). Health-damaging personality traits and verbalautonomic dissociation: The role of self-control and environmental control. Health Psychology, 16, 451–457.
Costa, P. T., Jr. (1991). Clinical use of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 393–398.
Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure-emergency of the 5-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417–440.
Dohm, F., Beattie, J. A., Aibel, C., & Striegel-Moore, R. H. (2001). Factors differentiating women and men who successfully maintain weight loss from women and men who do not. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(1), 105–117.
Driskell, J. E., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E., & O’Shea, P. G. (2006). What makes a good team player? Personality and team effectiveness. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 249–271.
Eysenck, H. J. (1993). Creativity and personality: Suggestions for a theory. Psychological Inquiry, 4(3), 147–178.
Faer, L. M., Hendriks, A., Abed, R. T., & Figueredo, A. J. (2005). The evolutionary psychology of eating disorders: Female competition for mates or for status? Psychology & Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 78(3), 397–417.
Fernald, P. S. (2000). Carl Rogers: Body-centered counselor. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 172–179.
Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48(1), 26–34.
Gruhn, D., Rebucal, K., Diehl, M., Lumley, M., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2008). Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings. Emotion, 8(6), 753–765.
Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102(3), 458–489.
Helson, R., & Moane, G. (1987). Personality change in women from college to midlife. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 46–55.
Kim, H., & Markus, H. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 785–800.
Laidlaw, K., & Pachana, N. A. (2009). Aging, mental health, and demographic change: Challenges for psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(6), 601–608.
Lyons, A. L., Carlson, G. A., Thurm, A. E., Grant, K. E., & Gipson, P. Y. (2006). Gender differences in early risk factors for adolescent depression among low-income urban children. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(4), 644–657.
MacDonald, K. (1998). Evolution, culture, and the five-factor model. Journal Of Cross Cultural Psychology, 29(1), 119–149.
Magnusson, D., & Torestad, B. (1993). A holistic view of personality. A model revisited. Annual Review of Psychology, 44(1), 427–452.
Martin-Ginis, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2006). Single, physically active, female: The effects of information about exercise participation and body weight on perceptions of young women. Social Behavior and Personality, 34(8), 979–990.
Mayer, J. D. (2005). A tale of two visions: Can a new view of personality help integrate psychology? American Psychologist, 60(4), 294–307.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1994). The stability of personality: Observations and evaluations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3(6), 173–175.
Neher, A. (1996). Jung’s theory of archetypes: A critique. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 36(2), 61–91.
Pfaffenberger, A. H. (2005). Optimal adult development: An inquiry into the dynamics of growth. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45(3), 279–301.
Schneider, R. H., et al. (2001). Behavioral treatment of hypertensive heart disease in African Americans: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. Behavioral Medicine, 27(2), 83–95.
Thompson, H., & Priest, R. (2005). Elder abuse and neglect: Considerations for mental health practitioners. Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice, 4(2), 116–128.
Tursi, M. M., & Cochran, J. L. (2006). Cognitive behavioral tasks accomplished in a person-centered relational framework. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 387–396.
Weinrach, S. G., Ellis, A., MacLaren, C., DiGiuseppe, R., Vernon, A., Wolfe, J., . . . Backx, W. (2006). Rational emotive behavior therapy successes and failures: Eight personal perspectives. Journal of Rational – Emotive & Cognitive – Behavior Therapy, 24(4), 233–255.
Welfel, E. R., Danzinger, P. R., & Santoro, S. (2000). Mandated reporting of abuse/maltreatment of older adults: A primer for counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 284–292.
Optional Podcasts
Shirmbeck, P. (Speaker). (2006). Elder issues [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.counseloraudiosource.net/feeds/cas038.mp3

Discussion 1
In recent years, some have argued that the person-centered approach to counseling has fallen out of favor, with counselors using more outcomes-based approaches. For this discussion:
• Click The Person-Centered Approach in Counseling in the Resources to hear an interview about the person-centered approach with Dr. Wade Hannon of North Dakota State University. The podcast is approximately 29 minutes in duration. If the link does not work, go to the Archives page, scroll down, and select CAS048 The Person-Centered Approach in Counseling. Click Download Podcast to listen to the interview.
• When you have finished listening to the interview, create a post that:
o Compares the similarities and differences between the person-centered approach and the other theories you have explored in the course.
o Describes myths regarding why the person-centered approach may be viewed less favorably than other approaches.
o Provides your own evaluation of the person-centered approach.
• Use the Kirschenbaum and Jourdan article, “The Current Status of Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach,” to substantiate your post. You can also cite the speaker in the podcast (the APA reference is located on the Course Materials page in the Syllabus).
Resources
• Discussion Participation Scoring Guide.
• The Person-Centered Approach in Counseling Podcast | Transcript.
• The Current Status of Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach.
• Capella Online Writing Center: APA Style and Formatting.

Discussion 2
In your assessment of self-esteem for this unit:
• Discuss how a Rogerian perspective would explain the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of people with low self-esteem.
• Explain how this theoretical orientation suggests a means to assist people in overcoming their sense of low self-esteem.
• Use the readings in the Theories of Personality text for this unit to support your discussion.

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