3 External sources plus one of the readings. This is the final writing assignment for this semester, and your topic should be drawn from the one of the essays listed herein. Who Decides What is Ethical in The World of Medicine? (Rottenberg, A. & Winchell, D.) Need an Organ? It Helps to Be Rich (Victory, J.) Ethics of Organ Donation (Howards, L. A.) Pillow Angel Ethics (Gibbs, N.) Adoption of Frozen Embryos A Loaded Term (Kahn, J. P.) Your task is to select a topic, write a claim of value and or claim of fact and then provide support for your claim by drawing information from the reading (s) and a minimum of three (3) external sources. APA style. The length of this paper in five (5) pages, and this number does not include your Works Cited or References page. (PLEASE ATTACH/DOWNLOAD THE SOURCES) **You can talk about how the decision to harvest organs from one patient to try to save the life of another difficult both ethically and medically. or look at it from a religious perspective. or discuss about who should make the decisions, why and when. And so on** Use 12-point font (Times New Roman or Arial Narrow), and double-space your document. You paper will evaluated based on successful demonstration of these six criteria: 1) focus on a specific assertive thesis/ primary claim in response to reading (and research); 2) clarity of organization; 3) support of claims with evidence; 4) awareness of multiple and conflicting perspectives on complex issues; 5) correctness; and, 5) correctness; and, 6) successful employment of MLA style (use of quotes, analysis, and in-text citations. An A paper will exceed expectations in all six areas demonstration well beyond the requirements of the assignment; a B paper will perform demonstrate well in all areas with exceptional performance in one or two; a C essays will fair well in all five areas; and both D and F papers will be lacking significantly in two or more of areas. Late papers will not be accepted under any circumstances ANSWER What Is Ethical? Ethics is the accepted code of conduct. This means that individuals have carry out themselves according to rules and regulations governing them. This implies that individuals have to be submissive to the laws protecting their careers, professions and life in general. Therefore, something that is ethical follows the accepted code of conduct that is preset. Organ donation refers to the voluntary decision undertaken by an individual to help another by giving him/her one of his organs. Organs that are donated are always more than one in number so that when one is donated by being given away, the remaining organs continue to function. To effectively carry out organ donation, ethics must be brought in play. Therefore, there should be ethical organ donation. In order to carry out organ donation ethically, it should be waited until an individual dies before extracting the required body organ to be donated. We are bound to protect individuals until the moment of death in order to prevent what could be termed as interpreted as murder. An organ should not be extracted from a person who is assumed to be dead. It should be proved first before carrying out organ extraction. This is essential since it eradicates any forms of murder accusations which may be inflicted on the doctor who undertook the extraction. So in order to get a required organ from an individual who seem to die, those responsible should be patient until the death of the person to donate the body organ. When this organ donation ethic is put in consideration, what is interpreted as murder is completely eradicated (Howard 174). There are some cases whereby live human beings may be called upon to be used for donor organs. A good example of such a case is the anencephalic newborns. This kind of case involves giving birth to new born babies without brains. This implies that although a baby is newly born, it does not have some vital body organs such as the brain which is a significant body organ. The law regards and considers newly born babies without brains as non persons or extinct. The law considers babies born without brains non persons. (Howard 174). It means that they are viewed as something which does not have the qualities of a person. The use of any body organs of such new born babies` organs is considered to be legal by the law. Therefore, if a patient is in need of a certain body organ and a baby of such kind is born, it is allowed that the body organ can be donated from the baby. Non person should not be used to refer to those people who are physically or mentally handicapped (Howard 174). It should not be used to refer to the cripple, those who are mentally retarded or insane people. This is because these people are alive hence their rights should be respected in society. It should be clearly and precisely understood that disability is not inability. Such people should be protected and their rights respected. Also, there should be eagerness in harvesting of donor organs since other complications may be experienced. The eagerness in donor organ harvesting may end up in poor diagnosed death which may be accidental or deliberately. Therefore, it is ethical, in the ethics of organ donation, that there should be no cases of eagerness to harvest donor organs due to the adverse results that may come in the end. Noblemen were buried with a bell they could ring if revived in their caskets. (Howard 174). It is clear to our knowledge that in the medieval times, noblemen were buried with bells which would ring in case they regained lives while in the casket. Such mentality was invented due to the high possibilities of burying people who were alive but unconscious. If unconscious individuals were buried, they were to ring the bell as a sign that they had regained conscious. Today, medical tests are used to determine whether a person is actually dead or not. This is mainly carried out using electronic devices whose functioning is considered to be perfect and complicated. Not all doctors use more than EEG to determine the brain activity of a patient. Such doctors assume patients to be dead which is not recommendable. A patient may recover even after the brain shows no activity. Inclusively, a malfunctioning transistor or a loose connection definitely gives wrong results. It is ethical for doctors to clearly prove that the patient is indeed dead before carrying out any plans of organ donation. It is, therefore, ethical for doctors to adhere to the following things before pronouncing that an individual with a beating heart dead. In the first place, there should be totally no brain wave activity. This means that the brain should not be functional in any manner. In addition to that, doctors have to ensure that during ventilator support, any attempt to breath in the presence of normal blood gases should be eradicated completely. Doctors are reminded to never allow any form of cranial reflexes. Also, there should be blood flowing to the brain and the absence of the brain stem evoked potentials should be noted. By following these rules, doctors would be acting ethically in ethical organ donation. In Christianity today, there are many denominations hence many religious beliefs concerning organ donation. Some denominations bring about religious conflicts in regard to this matter of organ donation. This brings about different religious opinions. Ethical organ donation is religiously impermissible. (Schicktanz 44). There are some opinions which openly dismiss organ donation as not religiously permissible. This means that they deny organ donation as something which can be done be religious people. According to people with such opinions, each and every person was created with his/her own body organs which should not be shared through organ donation of transplantation. These kinds of people consider organ donation as a sin before God. The diversity and increase in the number of religions make organ donation an issue which is considered permissible and at the same time not permissible before the various religions. Some religions consider organ donation as virtue. Ethical organ donation is virtue. (Schicktanz 44). This means that organ donation is something which should be emulated in society. As a virtue, organ donation openly describes the nature of someone being kind and generous to the life of another individual. Due to these virtues of kindness and generosity, a religious person gives out his/her organ by voluntarily donating to the needy person. In religions which view organ donation as a virtue, they greatly appreciate the person who has contributed the organ at hand since he/she has saved the life of another creation of God. The donor is considered to be loving by sacrificing one of his organs to be donated to another needy person who was in a critical situation. So, according to some religious concepts, organ donation is virtue which discloses the real characters of a religious individual. The ethics concerned with organ donation is a common phenomenon which has been there since time immemorial. Organ donation is a concept that is found in areas of medical ethics, medical research and before cases of transplanting. The ancient Hippocratic Oath is not enough for the present century, twenty first century. It violates the autonomy of the patient, prohibits most medical research, and makes all living donor organ transplant extremely difficult. (Veatch 202). This is because of a variety of related reasons. In the first place, a patient`s autonomy is violated by the old Hippocratic oath. In addition to that, medical researches are prohibited by the very old Hippocratic Oath. Inclusively, living donor organ transplants are made extremely dangerous by the same oath. An ethical organ donation does not violate autonomy of a patient. Ethics of organ donation aims at promoting and encouraging autonomy of the patient. The patient has to have his rights which should be respected to the latter without any form of violation or exploitation. A patient, therefore, should be attended to according to the required standards and requirements since he is in need of getting well like any other individual. Ethical organ donation should cater for a patient`s autonomy. (Veatch 202). Therefore, ethical organ donation has to ensure that the autonomy of a patient is upheld. Ethical organ donation should allow any form of medical research in case doubts about a patient are realized. Medical research has to be undertaken in order to give patients the best required medical attention. Doctors who are ethical have to carry out medical research for them to save and salvage the life of a patient which could be in a critical condition. Medical research on how best to treat patients requiring organ donation should be sought as fast as possible to save the life of a patient. Ethical organ donation should not make organ transplantation dangerous and risky. Since it is ethical, the right procedures ought to be followed during organ transplantation and the required standards put in mind. By considering the ethics, of organ donation, a doctor has to be moderate in his undertakings and be quite careful to accordingly attend to a patient. An ethical doctor should never complicate matters in regard to organ donation since he/she follows the accepted code of conduct that needs to be adhered to. Therefore, ethical organ donation should not violate the autonomy of a patient, it should never prohibit medical research and finally, it should not make organ donation extremely dangerous. Active lives of patients having end stage diseases are restored after they receive the various organs that they were in need of. After receiving a kidney, heart, or lung transplant, many patients with end-stage disease can return to active lives. (Lo 41). These organs are mainly the heart, kidney, liver or lungs. This shows how organ donors have to intervene so that they benefit other people. Therefore, one of the ethical concerns is that the well being of a donor serves to benefit someone else. Harm minimization and consent for donation are quite essential since they develop and maintain public trust. Organ donation should be carried out in an ethical manner to bring about successful results. This evokes trust in the lives of the public hence they can readily volunteer to donate an organ whenever they are called upon. In conclusion, organ donation should be carried out in an ethical way so that the life of the donor and patient is saved. Ethical organ donation is a crucial and important activity which has salvaged the lives of many people. . Works cited Howards. Ethics of Organ Donation, 271. Lo, B. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: A Guide for Clinicians. Peoples Republic of China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009. Print. Schicktanz, S. Teaching Ethics in Organ Transplantation and Tissue Donation: Cases and Movies. Germany: Universit??tsverlag G??ttingen. 2010. Print. Veatch, R, M. Transplantation ethics. USA: Georgetown University Press. 2000. Print. Submitting high quality Essays,Research Papers, Term Papers, is the only way students can score high grades( As). Students ought to hire professional Writing Service providers who can deliver high quality work within the allocated time. Click to ORDER NOW It’s only fair to share